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Compare Christmas Island (2003) - Niue (2004)
Compare Christmas Island (2003) z Niue (2004)
| Christmas Island (2003) | Niue (2004) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | none (territory of Australia) | none; note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 14 villages at the second order |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: NA%
15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA% (2003 est.) |
0-14 years: NA
15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA (2004 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | NA | coconuts, passion fruit, honey, limes, taro, yams, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs, poultry, beef cattle |
| Airports | 1 (2002) | 1 (2003 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002) |
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
| Area | total: 135 sq km
land: 135 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total: 260 sq km
land: 260 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC | 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | Named in 1643 for the day of its discovery, the island was annexed and settlement was begun by the UK in 1888. Phosphate mining began in the 1890s. The UK transferred sovereignty to Australia in 1958. Almost two-thirds of the island has been declared a national park. | Niue's remoteness, as well as cultural and linguistic differences between its Polynesian inhabitants and those of the rest of the Cook Islands, have caused it to be separately administered. The population of the island continues to drop (from a peak of 5,200 in 1966 to about 2,100 in 2004), with substantial emigration to New Zealand, 2,400 km to the southwest. |
| Birth rate | NA births/1,000 population (2003 est.) | NA births/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| Budget | revenues: $NA
expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA |
revenues: NA
expenditures: NA, including capital expenditures of NA |
| Capital | The Settlement | Alofi |
| Climate | tropical; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds | tropical; modified by southeast trade winds |
| Coastline | 80 km | 64 km |
| Constitution | NA | 19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act) |
| Country name | conventional long form: Territory of Christmas Island
conventional short form: Christmas Island |
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Niue former: Savage Island |
| Currency | Australian dollar (AUD) | New Zealand dollar (NZD) |
| Death rate | NA deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) | NA deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| Debt - external | $NA | $418,000 (2002 est.) |
| Dependency status | territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services | self-governing in free association with New Zealand since 1974; Niue fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs and defense; however, these responsibilities confer no rights of control and are only exercised at the request of the Government of Niue |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | none (territory of Australia) | none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none (territory of Australia) | none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand) |
| Disputes - international | none | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $NA | $2.6 million from New Zealand (2002) |
| Economy - overview | Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine. In 1991, the mine was reopened. With the support of the government, a $34 million casino opened in 1993. The casino closed in 1998. The Australian Government in 2001 agreed to support the creation of a commercial space-launching site on the island, slated to begin operation in 2003. | The economy suffers from the typical Pacific island problems of geographic isolation, few resources, and a small population. Government expenditures regularly exceed revenues, and the shortfall is made up by critically needed grants from New Zealand that are used to pay wages to public employees. Niue has cut government expenditures by reducing the public service by almost half. The agricultural sector consists mainly of subsistence gardening, although some cash crops are grown for export. Industry consists primarily of small factories to process passion fruit, lime oil, honey, and coconut cream. The sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors is an important source of revenue. The island in recent years has suffered a serious loss of population because of migration of Niueans to New Zealand. Efforts to increase GDP include the promotion of tourism and a financial services industry, although Premier LAKATANI announced in February 2002 that Niue will shut down the offshore banking industry. Economic aid from New Zealand in 2002 was about $2.6 million. |
| Electricity - consumption | NA kWh | 2.79 million kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - exports | - | 0 kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - imports | - | 0 kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - production | NA kWh | 3 million kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel: NA%
hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA% |
- |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: Murray Hill 361 m |
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location near Mutalau settlement 68 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA | increasing attention to conservationist practices to counter loss of soil fertility from traditional slash and burn agriculture |
| Environment - international agreements | - | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea |
| Ethnic groups | Chinese 70%, European 20%, Malay 10%
note: no indigenous population (2001) |
Polynesian (with some 200 Europeans, Samoans, and Tongans) |
| Exchange rates | Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.9354 (2002), 1.9320 (2001), 1.7173(2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998) | New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 1.7229 (2003), 2.1620 (2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999) |
| Executive branch | chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by the Australian governor general
head of government: Administrator William Leonard TAYLOR (since 4 February 1999) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia |
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by New Zealand High Commissioner John BRYAN (since NA May 2000)
head of government: Premier Young VIVIAN (since 1 May 2002) cabinet: Cabinet consists of the premier and three ministers elections: the monarch is hereditary; premier elected by the Legislative Assembly for a three-year term; election last held 1 May 2002 (next to be held NA May 2005) election results: Young VIVIAN elected premier; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - Young VIVIAN (NPP) 70%, Hunukitama HUNUKI (AI) 30% |
| Exports | $NA | NA (2001) |
| Exports - commodities | phosphate | canned coconut cream, copra, honey, vanilla, passion fruit products, pawpaws, root crops, limes, footballs, stamps, handicrafts |
| Exports - partners | Australia, NZ | New Zealand mainly, Fiji, Cook Islands, Australia (2000) |
| Fiscal year | 1 July - 30 June | 1 April - 31 March |
| Flag description | the flag of Australia is used; note - in early 1986, the Christmas Island Assembly held a design competition for an island flag, however, the winning design has never been formally adopted as the official flag of the territory | yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the flag of the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars - a large one on a blue disk in the center and a smaller one on each arm of the bold red cross |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $NA | purchasing power parity - $7.6 million (2000 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: NA%
industry: NA% services: NA% |
agriculture: NA
industry: NA services: 55% |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $NA | purchasing power parity - $3,600 (2000 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | NA% | -0.3% (2000 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 10 30 S, 105 40 E | 19 02 S, 169 52 W |
| Geography - note | located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean | one of world's largest coral islands |
| Highways | total: 240 km
paved: 30 km unpaved: 210 km (2000) |
total: 234 km
paved: 86 km unpaved: 148 km (2001) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA |
| Imports | $NA | NA (2001) |
| Imports - commodities | consumer goods | food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants, chemicals, drugs |
| Imports - partners | principally Australia | New Zealand mainly, Fiji, Japan, Samoa, Australia, US (2000) |
| Independence | none (territory of Australia) | on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New Zealand |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | NA |
| Industries | tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion) | tourism, handicrafts, food processing |
| Infant mortality rate | total: NA%
male: NA% female: NA% |
total: NA
male: NA female: NA (2004 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | NA% | 1% (1995) |
| International organization participation | none | ACP, FAO, PIF, Sparteca, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 2 (2000) | - |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court | Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue |
| Labor force | NA | NA (1998 est.) |
| Labor force - by occupation | tourism 400 people, mining 100 people (1995) | most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | 0 km |
| Land use | arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: mainly tropical rainforest; 63% of the island is a national park (1998 est.) |
arable land: 15.38%
permanent crops: 11.54% other: 73.08% (2001) |
| Languages | English (official), Chinese, Malay | Niuean, a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and Samoan; English |
| Legal system | under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law | English common law
note: Niue is self-governing, with the power to make its own laws |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve one-year terms)
elections: last held NA December 2002 (next to be held NA December 2003) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9 |
unicameral Legislative Assembly (20 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; six elected from a common roll and 14 are village representatives)
elections: last held 21 March 2002 (next to be held NA March 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NPP 9, independents 11; note - all 20 seats were reelected |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: NA years
male: NA years female: NA years (2003 est.) |
total population: NA years
male: NA years female: NA years (2004 est.) |
| Literacy | NA | definition: NA
total population: 95% male: NA female: NA |
| Location | Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia | Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga |
| Map references | Southeast Asia | Oceania |
| Maritime claims | contiguous zone: 12 NM
exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm |
| Merchant marine | none (2002 est.) | none |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of Australia | defense is the responsibility of New Zealand |
| Military branches | - | no regular indigenous military forces; Police Force |
| National holiday | NA | Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840) |
| Nationality | noun: Christmas Islander(s)
adjective: Christmas Island |
noun: Niuean(s)
adjective: Niuean |
| Natural hazards | the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard | typhoons |
| Natural resources | phosphate, beaches | fish, arable land |
| Net migration rate | NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) | NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | none | Niue People's Action Party or NPP [Young VIVIAN]; Alliance of Independents or AI [leader NA] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | none | NA |
| Population | 433 (July 2003 est.) | 2,156 (July 2004 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA |
| Population growth rate | -9% (2003 est.) | 0.01% (2004 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Flying Fish Cove | none; offshore anchorage only |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998) | AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Railways | 24 km to serve phosphate mines | - |
| Religions | Buddhist 36%, Muslim 25%, Christian 18%, other 21% (1997) | Ekalesia Niue (Niuean Church - a Protestant church closely related to the London Missionary Society) 75%, Latter-Day Saints 10%, other 15% (mostly Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-Day Adventist) |
| Sex ratio | NA (2003 est.) | NA (2004 est.) |
| Suffrage | - | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment: service provided by the Australian network
domestic: only analog mobile telephone service is available international: satellite earth stations - one Intelsat earth station provides telephone and telex service (2000) |
domestic: single-line telephone system connects all villages on island
international: country code - 683 |
| Telephones - main lines in use | NA | 1,100 est (2002) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | NA | 400 (2002) |
| Television broadcast stations | NA | 1 (1997) |
| Terrain | steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau | steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau |
| Total fertility rate | NA children born/woman (2003 est.) | NA children born/woman (2004 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | NA% | NA (March 1999) |
| Waterways | none | - |
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